Pemanfaatan Abu Sekam Padi dan Arang Kayu Sebagai Salah Satu Alternatif Penggunaan Top Soil untuk Media Tanam Bibit Kelapa Sawit di Pre-Nursery
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Abstract
Penggunaan media tanam merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan dalam pembibitan kelapa sawit. Media tanam berperan sebagai media tumbuh dan penyedia unsur hara dan air. Penggunaan top soil sebagai media tanam telah banyak dilakukan dan kemungkinan keberadaannya akan berkurang. Penggunaan abu sekam padi dan arang kayu dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif sebagai media tanam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji respons pertumbuhan dan biomassa bibit kelapa sawit terhadap pemberian abu sekam padi dan arang kayu sebagai media tanam di pre-nursery. Penelitian ini dari April sampai Juli 2022 di kebun percobaan Wedomartani, Kecamatan Ngemplak, Kabupaten Sleman. Percobaan mengimplementasikanmenggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial. Faktor pertama dan kedua berturut-turut adalah komposisi abu sekam padi dan arang kayu dengan masing-masing faktor terdiri dari empat taraf perlakuan, yaitu: 0, 10, 20, dan 30%. Terdapat 16 kombinasi perlakuan dengan pengulangan tiga kali. Pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan terhadap pemberian kombinasi perlakuan abu sekam padi dan arang kayu terlihat pada peubah tinggi bibit pada umur 10 dan 12 minggu setelah tanam (MST), bobot segar dan kering pucuk, dan bobot segar akar bibit kelapa sawit. Tinggi bibit, bobot segar dan kering tajuk, serta bobot segar akar bibit kelapa sawit tertinggi diperoleh pada saat aplikasi abu sekam padi (20%) tanpa penambahan arang kayu (0%). Bobot kering dan panjang akar bibit kelapa sawit tidak dipengaruhi oleh komposisi abu sekam padi dan arang kayu.
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How to Cite
Putra, A. T., & Ekawati, R. (2023). Pemanfaatan Abu Sekam Padi dan Arang Kayu Sebagai Salah Satu Alternatif Penggunaan Top Soil untuk Media Tanam Bibit Kelapa Sawit di Pre-Nursery. Agroteknika, 6(2), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v6i2.204
References
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Febriani, L., Gunawan, G., & Gafur, A. (2021). Review: Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman. In Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 93–104). https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.10902
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Harahap, F. S., Walida, H., Oesman, R., Rahmaniah, R., Arman, I., Wicaksono, M., Harahap, D. A., & Hasibuan, R. (2020). Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Padi Dan Kompos Jerami Padi Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol Pada Tanaman Jagung Manis. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 7(2), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2020.007.2.16
Havlin, J. L., Beaton, J. D., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. R., & Nelson, W. L. (2017). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management Title Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366175716_Soil_Fertility_and_Fertilizers_by_John_L_Havlin_z-liborg
Hisham, N. E. B., & Ramli, N. H. (2021). Incorporation of rice husk ash with palm oil mill wastes in enhancing physicochemical properties of the compost. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 44(1), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJTAS.44.1.13
Irshad, M. K., Ibrahim, M., Noman, A., Shang, J., Mahmood, A., Mubashir, M., Khoo, K. S., Ng, H. S., & Show, P. L. (2022). Elucidating the impact of goethite-modified biochar on arsenic mobility, bioaccumulation in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) along with soil enzyme activities. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 160(1), 958–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.069
Jaglan, R., & Mahajan, A. (2023). A Study of the Behaviour of Concrete using Rice Husk Ash. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1110(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012018
Jamidi, Irawan, D., & Purba, M. Y. P. (2021). The Effect of Covering Media Composition and Fertilizer Cow Manage on The Growth of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis J.) Seeds in Pre-Nursery. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 8(3), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v8i3
Karam, D. S., Nagabovanalli, P., Sundara Rajoo, K., Fauziah Ishak, C., Abdu, A., Rosli, Z., Melissa Muharam, F., & Zulperi, D. (2022). An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 21(3), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.07.005
Kuvaini, A., & Surbakti, R. B. (2019). Uji Aplikasi Abu Boiler dan Arang Kayu Sebagai Media Tumbuh Alternatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Awal. Jurnal Citra Widya Edukasi, 11(1), 11–20. http://journal.cwe.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_citrawidyaedukasi/article/view/182
Li, Z., Zheng, Z., Li, H., Xu, D., Li, X., Xiang, L., & Tu, S. (2023). Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation. Plants, 12(1524), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071524
Moayedi, H., Aghel, B., Abdullahi, M. M., Nguyen, H., & Safuan A Rashid, A. (2019). Applications of rice husk ash as green and sustainable biomass. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, 117851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117851
Mot, S., Khin, S., Peuo, V., Pok, P., & Srean, P. (2021). Rice Husk Ash Incorporation in Container Substrates Effect on Romaine Lettuce Plant Growth. AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.4.1.30-37
PASPI. (2021). Analysis of Palm Oil Strategic Issues. Palm Journal, II(13), 351–355. https://palmoilina.asia/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2.13.-DOWNSTREAM-AND-THE-CHANGE-IN-THE-EXPORT-COMPOSITION-OF-INDONESIAN-PALM-OIL-.pdf
Putri, N. M., Noviardi, R., Hindersah, R., & Suryatmana, P. (2021). Pengaruh Topsoil dan Pupuk Organik Terhadap Panjang Sulur dan Jumlah Daun Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas Lamb.) pada Media Tailing Emas. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah Dan Lingkungan, 23(1), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.23.1.33-37
Rafly, N. M., Riniarti, M., Hidayat, W., Prasetia, H., Wijaya, B. A., Niswati, A., Hasanudin, U., & Banuwa, I. S. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit terhadap Pertumbuhan Sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Journal of Tropical Upland Resources, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtur.vol4no1.2022.124
Raheem, A. A., & Kareem, M. A. (2017). Chemical composition and physical characteristics of rice husk ash blended cement. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 32, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.32.25
Sasmita, K. D., Anas, I., Anwar, S., Yahya, S., & Djajkirana, G. (2017). Pengaruh pupuk organik dan arang hayati terhadap kualitas media pembibitan dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Jurnal Tanaman Industri Dan Penyegar, 4(2), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2017.p107-120
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., Gupta, V. K., & Singh, J. S. (2018). The effect of rice husk biochar on soil nutrient status, microbial biomass and paddy productivity of nutrient poor agriculture soils. Catena, 171(June), 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.042
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., & Singh, J. S. (2017). Impact of Rice Husk Biochar on Nitrogen Mineralization and Methanotrophs Community Dynamics in Paddy Soil. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 5(5), 428–435. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5870
Sofyan, A., Wahdah, R., & Aswarin. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian TKKS dan abu sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera) di tanah sulfat masam. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 7(2), 11–16. http://snllb.ulm.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/snllb-lit/article/view/709
Sudjoko, C., W, R. L., & Ukhsan, A. (2022). Pengembangan Biofuel Berbasis Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dalam Mendukung Target Ketahanan Energi Nasional dan Alutsista Pertahanan. Jurnal Ketahanan Energi, 8(1), 81–96. https://jurnalprodi.idu.ac.id/index.php/KE/article/view/1086/918
Yulianingsih, R. (2020). Pengaruh Abu Sekam Padi Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. Saccharata Sturt.) Pada Tanah PMK. Piper, 16(31), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.51826/piper.v16i31.446
Zulputra. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian biochar arang sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Jurnal Sungkai, 7(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111646459-002
Annisa, W., Hersanti, E., Pramono, A., Saleh, M., Sutarta, E. S., Setiawati, E., Sosiawan, H., Sutriadi, M. T., & Husnain. (2021). Biochar-Kompos Berbasis Limbah Kelapa Sawit: Bahan Amandemen untuk Memperbaiki Kesuburan dan Produktivitas Tanah di Lahan Rawa. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 15(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v15n2.2021.103-116
BPS. (2022). Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2021. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/download.html?nrbvfeve=MjU0ZWU2YmQzMjEwNGMwMDQzN2E0YTYx&xzmn=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnBzLmdvLmlkL3B1YmxpY2F0aW9uLzIwMjIvMTEvMzAvMjU0ZWU2YmQzMjEwNGMwMDQzN2E0YTYxL3N0YXRpc3Rpay1rZWxhcGEtc2F3aXQtaW5kb25lc2lhLTIwMjEuaHRtbA%3D%3D&two
Dahlianah, I. (2018). Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Sebagai Komponen Media Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.). Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 15(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.31851/sainmatika.v15i1.1767
Ditjenbun. (2021). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2020-2022. Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. www.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id
Dolah, R., Karnik, R., & Hamdan, H. (2021). A comprehensive review on biofuels from oil palm empty bunch (Efb): Current status, potential, barriers and way forward. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810210
FAO. (2022). Soils for nutrition: state of the art. FAO-GSP Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0900en
FAOSTAT. (2021). Top 10 country production of oil palm fruit. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity
Febriani, L., Gunawan, G., & Gafur, A. (2021). Review: Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman. In Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 93–104). https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.10902
Guzali, Adiwirman, & Wawan. (2016). Penggunaan biochar berbahan baku tempurung kelapa dan pelepah sawit pada pembibitan utama kelapa sawit (Elaeis guneensis Jacq.) di medium gambut. J. Agrotek. Trop, 5(2), 55–61. https://jatt.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JATT/article/view/6189
Harahap, F. S., Walida, H., Oesman, R., Rahmaniah, R., Arman, I., Wicaksono, M., Harahap, D. A., & Hasibuan, R. (2020). Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Padi Dan Kompos Jerami Padi Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol Pada Tanaman Jagung Manis. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 7(2), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2020.007.2.16
Havlin, J. L., Beaton, J. D., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. R., & Nelson, W. L. (2017). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management Title Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366175716_Soil_Fertility_and_Fertilizers_by_John_L_Havlin_z-liborg
Hisham, N. E. B., & Ramli, N. H. (2021). Incorporation of rice husk ash with palm oil mill wastes in enhancing physicochemical properties of the compost. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 44(1), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJTAS.44.1.13
Irshad, M. K., Ibrahim, M., Noman, A., Shang, J., Mahmood, A., Mubashir, M., Khoo, K. S., Ng, H. S., & Show, P. L. (2022). Elucidating the impact of goethite-modified biochar on arsenic mobility, bioaccumulation in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) along with soil enzyme activities. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 160(1), 958–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.069
Jaglan, R., & Mahajan, A. (2023). A Study of the Behaviour of Concrete using Rice Husk Ash. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1110(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012018
Jamidi, Irawan, D., & Purba, M. Y. P. (2021). The Effect of Covering Media Composition and Fertilizer Cow Manage on The Growth of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis J.) Seeds in Pre-Nursery. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 8(3), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v8i3
Karam, D. S., Nagabovanalli, P., Sundara Rajoo, K., Fauziah Ishak, C., Abdu, A., Rosli, Z., Melissa Muharam, F., & Zulperi, D. (2022). An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 21(3), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.07.005
Kuvaini, A., & Surbakti, R. B. (2019). Uji Aplikasi Abu Boiler dan Arang Kayu Sebagai Media Tumbuh Alternatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Awal. Jurnal Citra Widya Edukasi, 11(1), 11–20. http://journal.cwe.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_citrawidyaedukasi/article/view/182
Li, Z., Zheng, Z., Li, H., Xu, D., Li, X., Xiang, L., & Tu, S. (2023). Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation. Plants, 12(1524), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071524
Moayedi, H., Aghel, B., Abdullahi, M. M., Nguyen, H., & Safuan A Rashid, A. (2019). Applications of rice husk ash as green and sustainable biomass. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, 117851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117851
Mot, S., Khin, S., Peuo, V., Pok, P., & Srean, P. (2021). Rice Husk Ash Incorporation in Container Substrates Effect on Romaine Lettuce Plant Growth. AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.4.1.30-37
PASPI. (2021). Analysis of Palm Oil Strategic Issues. Palm Journal, II(13), 351–355. https://palmoilina.asia/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2.13.-DOWNSTREAM-AND-THE-CHANGE-IN-THE-EXPORT-COMPOSITION-OF-INDONESIAN-PALM-OIL-.pdf
Putri, N. M., Noviardi, R., Hindersah, R., & Suryatmana, P. (2021). Pengaruh Topsoil dan Pupuk Organik Terhadap Panjang Sulur dan Jumlah Daun Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas Lamb.) pada Media Tailing Emas. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah Dan Lingkungan, 23(1), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.23.1.33-37
Rafly, N. M., Riniarti, M., Hidayat, W., Prasetia, H., Wijaya, B. A., Niswati, A., Hasanudin, U., & Banuwa, I. S. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit terhadap Pertumbuhan Sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Journal of Tropical Upland Resources, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtur.vol4no1.2022.124
Raheem, A. A., & Kareem, M. A. (2017). Chemical composition and physical characteristics of rice husk ash blended cement. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 32, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.32.25
Sasmita, K. D., Anas, I., Anwar, S., Yahya, S., & Djajkirana, G. (2017). Pengaruh pupuk organik dan arang hayati terhadap kualitas media pembibitan dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Jurnal Tanaman Industri Dan Penyegar, 4(2), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2017.p107-120
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., Gupta, V. K., & Singh, J. S. (2018). The effect of rice husk biochar on soil nutrient status, microbial biomass and paddy productivity of nutrient poor agriculture soils. Catena, 171(June), 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.042
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., & Singh, J. S. (2017). Impact of Rice Husk Biochar on Nitrogen Mineralization and Methanotrophs Community Dynamics in Paddy Soil. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 5(5), 428–435. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5870
Sofyan, A., Wahdah, R., & Aswarin. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian TKKS dan abu sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera) di tanah sulfat masam. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 7(2), 11–16. http://snllb.ulm.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/snllb-lit/article/view/709
Sudjoko, C., W, R. L., & Ukhsan, A. (2022). Pengembangan Biofuel Berbasis Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dalam Mendukung Target Ketahanan Energi Nasional dan Alutsista Pertahanan. Jurnal Ketahanan Energi, 8(1), 81–96. https://jurnalprodi.idu.ac.id/index.php/KE/article/view/1086/918
Yulianingsih, R. (2020). Pengaruh Abu Sekam Padi Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. Saccharata Sturt.) Pada Tanah PMK. Piper, 16(31), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.51826/piper.v16i31.446
Zulputra. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian biochar arang sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Jurnal Sungkai, 7(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111646459-002