Utilisasi dan Efisiensi Truk Angkut Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit: Dalam Pengelolaan Perusahaan Swasta dan Pengelolaan Kontraktor Angkutan Masyarakat
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Abstract
Transportasi Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit merupakan faktor penting dalam dalam menjaga kuantitas dan mutu TBS sebagai bahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Pengelolaan sistem transportasi yang baik diperlukan untuk meminimalkan waktu, dan menekan biaya operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi operasional truk angkut TBS, baik yang dikelola oleh perusahaan kelapa sawit swasta maupun oleh kontraktor angkutan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode analisis kuantitatif komparatif untuk mengetahui perbedaan parameter kinerja dan efisiensi antara dua kelompok data, dengan analisis statistik Uji-T. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan siklus pengangkutan yang dikelola perusahaan swasta lebih pendek dibandingkan yang dikelola kontraktor masyarakat (1,3 jam dibanding 3,2 jam), atau utilisasi truk lebih rendah. Sedangkan produktivitas dump truk angkutan perusahaan swasta 19.641,05 ton/haridibandingkan yang dikelola kontraktor sebesar 7.061,25 ton/hari. Dari biaya angkut TBS/kg, sistem angkut TBS di perusahaan lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan di kebun masyarakat, yakni Rp 15,8/kg dibandingkan dengan Rp 53,4/kg.
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How to Cite
Herviandinata, B. A., Krisdiarto, A. W., & Uktoro, A. I. (2025). Utilisasi dan Efisiensi Truk Angkut Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit: Dalam Pengelolaan Perusahaan Swasta dan Pengelolaan Kontraktor Angkutan Masyarakat. Agroteknika, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v8i1.393
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Cobb, B. R. (2016). Estimating cycle time and return rate distributions for returnable transport items. International Journal of Production Research, 54(14), 4356–4367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1162920
Enkhchuluun, B., Batgerel, B.-O. and Ping, C. (2023). Cycle time analysis of open pit mining dump trucks. International Journal of Geosciences, 14, 689-709. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2023.148037.
Krisdiarto, A., & Sutiarso, L. (2016). Study on Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Bruise in Harvesting and Transportation to Quality. Makara Journal of Technology, 20, 67. https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v20i2.3058
Krisdiarto, A. W., & Wisnubhadra, I. (2023). Kajian Pergerakan Truk Transport TBS sebagai Bagian dari Rantai Pasok Bahan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian, 8(April), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.24843/JITPA/2023.v08.i01.p03.
Krisdiarto, A., Wisnubhadra, I., & Widodo, K. (2019). Kendali Jumlah dan Waktu Berangkat Truk Pengangkut TBS Untuk Minimalisasi Antrian Di Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 8, 251. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v8i4.251-255
Lee, J. S. H., Ghazoul, J., Obidzinski, K., & Koh, L. P. (2014). Oil palm smallholder yields and incomes constrained by harvesting practices and type of smallholder management in Indonesia. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 34, 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0159-4
Lerspalungsanti, S., Srisawadi, S., Paoprasert, N. H., Srisurangkul, C., Pitaksapsin, N., & Wattanawongsakun, P. (2021). New design approach for oil palm transportation processes using Kano model and QFD. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 37(3), 427-437. https://doi.10.13031/aea.14372
Lim, C. H., Cheah, Z. H., Lee, X. H., How, B. S., Ng, W. P. Q., Ngan, S. L., ... & Lam, H. L. (2021). Harvesting and evacuation route optimisation model for fresh fruit bunch in the oil palm plantation site. Journal of Cleaner Production, 307, 127238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127238
Lubis, E., R., & Widanarko, A. (2011). Buku Pintar Kelapa Sawit. Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.
Nagiah, C., & Azmi, R. (2013). A review of smallholder oil palm production: challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainability-a Malaysian perspective. Journal of Oil Palm, Environment and Health (JOPEH), 3, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.5366/jope.2012.12
Nasrudin, A. (2019). Utilisasi Kapasitas: Hubungannya Dengan Profitabilitas, Permintaan Agregat dan Ekonomi. Cerdasco. https://cerdasco.com/utilisasi-kapasitas/
Oemiati, N. (2020). Produktivitas Alat Gali Muat Dan Alat Angkut Pada Pengupasan Lapisan Tanah Penutup. Bearing : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Teknik Sipil, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.32502/jbearing.2842202063
Pahan, I. (2008). Panduan Teknis Budidaya Kelapa Sawit. PT Indopalma Wahana Hutama. Jakarta. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=exHLCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
Pandiangan, D., & Puruhito, D. D. (2023). Studi Komparasi Pengangkutan Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Dump Truk dan Truk Kayu di PT. Mitra Aneka Rezeki Jl. Palembang Betung Km 53 Simpang Pulau Rimau Desa Meranti Kec. Suak Tapeh Kab. Banyuasin Sumatra Selatan. AGROFORETECH, 1(1), 358–369. https://jurnal.instiperjogja.ac.id/index.php/JOM/article/download/466/355/2524
Peraturan Gubernur Sumatera Utara. (2022). Peraturan Gubernur Sumatera Utara Nomor 20 Tahun 2022 tentang Penghitungan Dasar Pengenaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor dan Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan Bermotor. https://jdih.sumutprov.go.id/detail-produk-hukum/1503
Rida, R. (2023). Modeling of the Fresh Fruit Bunches Collection and Transportation System with Agent-Based Simulation in Optimizing the Mode of Transportation on Oil Palm Industry. Journal of Science Technology (JoSTec), 5(1), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.55299/jostec.v5i1.475
Rochmanhadi. (1992). Alat-Alat Berat dan Penggunaannya (4 th). YBPPU. https://www.academia.edu/58439619/Rochmanhadi_Alat_Alat_Berat_dan_Penggunaannya
Rohman, F., Gunawan, S., & Nugraha B S, T. (2017). Uji Kinerja Bongkar Muat Tandan Kelapa Sawit Secara Manual dan Mekanis di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Agromast, 2(2252), 58–66. http://journal.instiperjogja.ac.id/index.php/JAI/article/view/813
Rostiyanti, S. F. (2008). Alat Berat Untuk Proyek Konstruksi (2nd ed.). Rineka Cipta, Jakarta. https://ebooktekniksipil.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/alat-berat-untuk-proyek-konstruksi.pdf
Siregar, T. P., Priyambada, P., & Kristalisasi, E. N. (2019). Kajian Pengangkutan Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit Dari TPH Ke Pabrik Menggunakan Dump Truk Dan Truk Biasa. Jurnal Agromast, 1(2). http://journal.instiperjogja.ac.id/index.php/JAI/article/view/261
Stevenson, W. J. (2020). Operations Management (14 th). McGraw-Hill. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Operations_Management/scgkzAEACAAJ?hl=id
Sujarweni, V. W. (2015). Akuntansi Biaya Teori dan Penerapannya. Pustaka Baru Press, Yogyakarta.
Tarigan, U., Sidabutar, R. F., Tarigan, U. P. P., & Chen, A. (2018). Analysis of optimal transport route determination of oil palm fresh fruit bunches from plantation to processing factory. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1007(1), 012028). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1007/1/012028
Tosida, E. T., Wihartiko, F. D., Solihin, I. P., Kustiyo, A., & Huda, A. S. M. (2020, November). Preliminary Study of Palm Smart Transportation: Case of Sei Tandun-Sei Rokan District PT Perkebunan Nusantara V Indonesia. In 2020 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS) (pp. 98-103). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMCIS51567.2020.9354302
Wisnubhadra, I., Krisdiarto, A. W., Baharin, S. S. K., & Emran, N. A. (2022). Mobility data warehouse for transportation of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. ICIC Express Lett. Part B Appl, 13(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.24507/icicelb.13.01.1
Yoga, T., & Subagyo, H. (2022). Efektivitas Sistem Angkut Bahan Baku Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit Untuk Peningkatan Mutu Buah di Kebun. Musamus Journal of Agribusiness, 4(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.35724/mujagri.v4i2.4358