Keseimbangan Hormonal Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Generatif terhadap Produksi Kakao melalui Aplikasi Paclobutrazol
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Abstract
Produktivitas kakao di Indonesia, khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan, masih menghadapi tantangan rendahnya hasil panen akibat tingginya persaingan antara tunas muda dan buah sehingga terbentuk layu pentil. Mengingat peran strategis kakao dalam mendukung perekonomian lokal dan nasional, diperlukan inovasi dalam teknik budidaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi reproduksi dan hasil tanaman. Salah satu pendekatan yang menjanjikan adalah penggunaan paclobutrazol sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh, yang berpotensi menekan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan mengalokasikan asimilat terfokus ke pertumbuhan reproduktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan reproduksi tanaman kakao dan mengetahui konsentrasi yang optimal untuk meningkatkan produksi buah kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Bonto Macinna, Kecamatan Gantarang, Kabupaten Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Juli 2021 hingga Januari 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan lima taraf konsentrasi paclobutrazol, yaitu 0 mL.L-1 (control), 5 mL.L-1, 10 mL.L-1, 15 mL.L-1, and 20 mL.L-1. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 15 unit percobaan dan setiap unit terdiri atas 3 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian paclobutrazol dengan konsentrasi 10 mL.L-1 secara signifikan memiliki produksi buah kakao tertinggi yaitu 309,44 kg.ha-1 dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi paclobutrazol lainnya. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa 10 mL.L-1 merupakan konsentrasi yang optimal untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan reproduksi dan memaksimalkan produksi kakao.
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