Pengaruh Pupuk Silika Terhadap Jumlah Populasi dan Keanekaragaman Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Kedelai
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Abstract
Salah satu tanaman pangan utama di Indonesia adalah kedelai. Kebutuhan akan kedelai terus meningkat seiring dengan permintaan dari konsumen. Hama merupakan organisme penggangu tanaman yang keberadaannya dapat menjadi hambatan dalam budidaya kedelai. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya sistem pemeliharaan yang tepat terhadap tanaman budidaya. Salah satu tahap dalam pemeliharaan yaitu pemberian unsur hara dan pengendalian hama, pupuk silika memiliki dua manfaat selain sebagai unsur hara juga berguna dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan waktu dan konsentrasi pupuk silika yang tepat untuk meningkatkan ketahanan kedelai terhadap serangan hama. Penelitian dilakukan di Cawas, Klaten, Jawa Tengah dari Juli hingga Oktober 2020. Menggunakan rancangan penelitian petak terbagi (split plot). Konsentrasi pupuk silika sebagai anak petak adalah P1= 2 ml/L, P2= 4 ml/L, dan P3 = 6 ml/L dan waktu aplikasi sebagai petak utama adalah T1= pemupukan seminggu sekali dan T2= pemupukan dua minggu sekali. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Aphids glycine adalah hama dengan populasi tertinggi, sedangkan Coccinela transversalis adalah musuh alami hama. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H`) sedang pada hama, sedangkan untuk musuh alami rendah. Intensitas kerusakan daun dan polong kedelai tidak berbahaya karena tingkat keparahannya rendah.
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How to Cite
Sari, E. N., Wijayanti, R., Shidiqi, M. H. A., & Arniputri, R. B. (2025). Pengaruh Pupuk Silika Terhadap Jumlah Populasi dan Keanekaragaman Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Kedelai. Agroteknika, 8(2), 358-369. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v8i2.534
References
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Melinda, A. T., Indriyanti, D. R., Widiyaningrum, P., & Subekti, N. (2024). Keanekaragaman Serangga dan Tingkat Kerusakan Akibat Serangga Hama pada Tanaman Jeruk. Life Science, 13(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.15294/unnesjlifesci.v13.i2.10758
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Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Pethybridge, S. J., Esker, P., McRoberts, N., & Nelson, A. (2019). The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 3(3), 430–439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0793-y
Schuldt, A., Both, S., Bruelheide, H., Härdtle, W., Schmid, B., Zhou, H., & Assmann, T. (2011). Predator diversity and abundance provide little support for the enemies hypothesis in forests of high tree diversity. PLoS ONE, 6(7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022905
Slameto. (2023). The Effect of Sulfur (S) – Silicate (Si) Fertilizer Application on The Growth, Yield, and Physiochemical Properties of Two Soybean Varieties. Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi, 25(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v25i1.74322
Sodedji, F. A. K., Agbahoungba, S., Nguetta, S. P. A., Agoyi, E. E., Ayenan, M. A. T., Sossou, S. H., ..., & Kone, D. (2020). Resistance to legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Crop Improvement, 34(2), 238–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471
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Tonnang, H. E., Sokame, B. M., Abdel-Rahman, E. M., & Dubois, T. (2022). Measuring and modelling crop yield losses due to invasive insect pests under climate change. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 50, 100873. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COIS.2022.100873
Uge, E., Yusnawan, E., & Baliadi, Y. (2021). Pengendalian Ramah Lingkungan Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) pada Tanaman Kedelai. Buletin Palawija, 19(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v19n1.2021.p64-80
Wilhm, J. L., & Dorris, T. C. (1968). Biological Parameters for Water Quality Criteria. BioScience, 18(6), 477–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/1294272
Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of rice crop science. The International Rice Research Institute.
Aveludoni, M. M. (2021). Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga Di Berbagai Lahan Pertanian Kelurahan Maubeli Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Wahana-Bio: Jurnal Biologi Dan Pembelajaraan, 13(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.20527/wb.v13i1.9565
Aziza, I., Rahayu, Y. S., & Dewi, S. K. (2022). Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dengan Penambahan Silika dan Cekaman Air terhadap Tanaman Kedelai. LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(1), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n1.p183-191
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Analisis produktivitas jagung dan kedelai di indonesia the analysis of maize and soybean yield in indonesia (the result of crop-cutting survey) (Vol. 4). Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/en/publication/2024/08/30/e2e46d52a9cc9f78422f77ad/analysis-of-maize-and-soybean-yield-in-indonesia--2023--the-result-of-crop-cutting-survey-.html
Bathoova, M., Svubova, R., Gimes, L., Kostolani, D., Slovakova, L., & Martinka, M. (2025). The potential of silicon in crop protection against phloem feeding and chewing insect pests – a review. Journal of Experimental Botany. https://doi.org/10.1093/JXB/ERAF102
Bayu, M. S. Y. I. (2015). Tingkatserangan berbagai hama polong pada plasma nutfah kedelai. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 1(4), 878–883. https://doi.org/10.13057/PSNMBI/M010439 https://smujo.id/psnmbi/article/view/1192/1162
Bimasri, J., & Murniati, N. (2022). Remediasi Tanah Ultisol dengan Biosilika untuk Budidaya Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max) Remediation of Ultisol Soil by Biosilica for Cultivation of Soybean (Glycine max). Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian, 18(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2022.18.1.67
Das, J. K., Hazarika, A. K., Kalita, U., Khanna, S., Kalita, T., & Choudhury, S. (2020). Diversity of edible insects in a Natural World Heritage Site of India: entomophagy attitudes and implications for food security in the region. PeerJ, 8. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10248
Fattah, A., Salim, Arrahman, A., Wahditiya, A. A., Yasin, M., Widiarta, I. N., & Nugraha, Y. (2023a). Effect of the Number of Rows and Cultivars of Soybeans on Damage Intensity of Pest and Predator Populations in Corn-Soybean Intercropping, South Sulawesi Indonesia. Legume Research, 46(8), 1087–1091. https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-742
Fattah, A., Winanda, E., Salim, Manwan, S. W., Idaryani, Dewayani, W., …, & Nuraeni, S. (2023b). Soybean Cultivation Technology Innovation and Environmentally Friendly Pest Control in Paddy Fields in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Case Studies of Breeding Strategies in Major Plant Species. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.109897
Golubkina, N., Zayachkovsky, V., Sheshnitsan, S., Skrypnik, L., Antoshkina, M., Smirnova, A., Fedotov, M., & Caruso, G. (2022). Prospects of the Application of Garlic Extracts and Selenium and Silicon Compounds for Plant Protection against Herbivorous Pests: A Review. Agriculture, 12(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRICULTURE12010064
Ludwig, J. A., & Reynolds, J. F. (1988). Statistical Ecology. In Statistical ecology. A primer on methods and computing. https://books.google.com/books/about/Statistical_Ecology.html?id=sNsRYBixkpcC
Mansier, L., & van Rijn, P. C. J. (2024). Modelling agricultural landscape complementation for natural pest control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 61(11), 2701–2716. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14790
McConnell, M. S., & CV, D. (2024). Understory Vegetation Influences Insect Diversity in Rubber Plantations of Kanyakumari, India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 45(17), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i174371
Melinda, A. T., Indriyanti, D. R., Widiyaningrum, P., & Subekti, N. (2024). Keanekaragaman Serangga dan Tingkat Kerusakan Akibat Serangga Hama pada Tanaman Jeruk. Life Science, 13(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.15294/unnesjlifesci.v13.i2.10758
Natawigena, H. (1989). Pestisida dan kegunaannya. CV Armico. //digilib.ukwk.ac.id%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dshow_detail%26id%3D779
Okada, T., Tengkano, W., & Djuwarso, T. (1988). An outline on soybean pest in Indonesia in faunistics aspect.
Putra, E. R. C., & Rahardjo, B. T. (2021). Biologi Dan Statistik Demografi Aphis glycines Pada Tanaman Kedelai. Jurnal Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, 9(2), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jurnalhpt.2021.009.2.2
Rotundo, J. L., Marshall, R., McCormick, R., Truong, S. K., Styles, D., Gerde, J. A., …, & Rufino, M. C. (2024). European soybean to benefit people and the environment. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57522-z.
Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Pethybridge, S. J., Esker, P., McRoberts, N., & Nelson, A. (2019). The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 3(3), 430–439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0793-y
Schuldt, A., Both, S., Bruelheide, H., Härdtle, W., Schmid, B., Zhou, H., & Assmann, T. (2011). Predator diversity and abundance provide little support for the enemies hypothesis in forests of high tree diversity. PLoS ONE, 6(7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022905
Slameto. (2023). The Effect of Sulfur (S) – Silicate (Si) Fertilizer Application on The Growth, Yield, and Physiochemical Properties of Two Soybean Varieties. Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi, 25(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v25i1.74322
Sodedji, F. A. K., Agbahoungba, S., Nguetta, S. P. A., Agoyi, E. E., Ayenan, M. A. T., Sossou, S. H., ..., & Kone, D. (2020). Resistance to legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Crop Improvement, 34(2), 238–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471
Thrash, B. C., Catchot, A. L. J., Gore, J., Cook, D., Musser, F. R., Irby, T., Krutz, J., & Lorenz, G. M. I. (2021). Effects of Soybean Planting Date on Yield Loss From Defoliation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(2), 993–997. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa280
Tonnang, H. E., Sokame, B. M., Abdel-Rahman, E. M., & Dubois, T. (2022). Measuring and modelling crop yield losses due to invasive insect pests under climate change. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 50, 100873. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COIS.2022.100873
Uge, E., Yusnawan, E., & Baliadi, Y. (2021). Pengendalian Ramah Lingkungan Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) pada Tanaman Kedelai. Buletin Palawija, 19(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v19n1.2021.p64-80
Wilhm, J. L., & Dorris, T. C. (1968). Biological Parameters for Water Quality Criteria. BioScience, 18(6), 477–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/1294272
Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of rice crop science. The International Rice Research Institute.