Studi Fase Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) pada Ekosistem Buatan Kolam Sains Universitas Bengkulu
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Abstract
Lotus adalah tanaman air yang memiliki habitat alami di rawa atau tempat berlumpur. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lotus perlu dikaji lebih dalam untuk mempermudah proses budidaya. Budidaya lotus di bengkulu masih terbilang minim, meskipun di beberapa daerah sudah ada hanya dijadikan sebagai tanaman hias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lotus di kolam sains Universitas Bengkulu. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 4 stasiun penelitian dengan variasi ketinggian air dan lumpur yang berbeda. Parameter pertumbuhan lotus yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan biji (pertumbuhan tunas, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar dan panjang akar), pertumbuhan bibit (jumlah daun, diameter daun, jumlah rimpang dan perbandingan pertumbuhan daun melayang dan daun koin), dan pemanenan (pertumbuhan bunga dan biji yang dihasilkan) dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan bibit lebih maksimal dari biji yang memiliki ciri dengan bentuk membulat sempurna, tidak kisut dan tidak berjamur. Lokasi terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lotus yaitu pada plot 2 dilihat dari laju pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan plot 1, plot 3 dan plot 4 dengan Parameter pertumbuhan pada plot 2 memiliki rata-rata diameter daun 66,3 mm, jumlah daun 5 helai, diameter tangkai daun 2 mm, dan jumlah rimpang 5 ruas. Jumlah biji yang dihasilkan memiliki rata-rata 28 terdiri dari 19 biji fertil dan 9 biji infertil. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman lotus di kolam sains lebih maksimal dengan ciri lokasi yaitu kedalaman lumpur 62 cm dan kedalaman air 21 cm. Bunga lotus lebih banyak menghasilkan biji fertil dibandingkan dengan biji infertil yang menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan penyerbukan tinggi.
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