Efisiensi Aplikasi Nanofluid Urea pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. Saccharata Sturt)
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Abstract
Peningkatan impor jagung manis sebesar 125,1% pada tahun 2024 mengindikasikan bahwa produksi dalam negeri belum optimal. Rendahnya efisiensi pupuk urea akibat kehilangan nitrogen melalui hidrolisis dan volatilisasi menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas produktivitas tanaman. Nanofluid urea merupakan inovasi pemupukan yang berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efisiensi aplikasi nanofluid urea pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan perlakuan 100% NFU (Nanofluid Urea); 70% NFU (Nanofluid Urea) + 30% UKv (Urea Konvensional); 60% NFU (Nanofluid Urea) + 40% UKv (Urea Konvensional); 50% NFU (Nanofluid Urea) + 50% UKv (Urea Konvensional); 40% NFU (Nanofluid Urea) + 60% UKv (Urea Konvensional); 30% NFU (Nanofluid Urea) + 70% UKv (Urea Konvensional) ; 100% UKv (Urea Konvensional). Hasil menunjukkan partikel urea dengan ukuran nanofluid urea 14,832 nm tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan akan tetapi dapat meningkatkan hasil panen yang signifikan dengan bobot panen 25,63 ton/ha pada perbandingan persentase 60% nanofluid urea dan 40% urea konvensional.
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How to Cite
Syamsudin, J. R., Rosanti, A. D., Rahmatika, W., Fitriyah, N., & Hidayat, F. (2026). Efisiensi Aplikasi Nanofluid Urea pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. Saccharata Sturt). Agroteknika, 9(2), 228-242. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i2.634
References
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De, N., & Das, T. (2024). Nanofluid urea and its Superiority Over urea as Fertilizer Elaborating some Applications - An Overview. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 11(4), 368–386. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst24114134
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Mehta, S., & Bharat, R. (2019). Effect of Integrated Use of Nano and Non-Nano Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(12), 598–606. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.078
Nindita, A., Ikhsan, L. H., & Suwarto, S. (2024). Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays var. Saccharata Sturt.) pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Majemuk NPK+Mg (8-9-39+3). Bul Agrohorti, 12(February), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v12i2.56677
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Rosanti, A. D., Nur, F., Rahmatika, W., Hidayat, F., Helilusiatiningsih, N., Kusumawati, Y., ..., & Oktavia, D. (2025). Synthesis of Potassium-Silica Nanofluid Fertilizer from Banana Peel and Rice Husk Waste for The Growth of Sweet Corn Plants. International Journal of Nano Dimension, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijnd-2026-1702-05
Santos, W. D. M., Alves, B. J. R., Urquiaga, S., Pacheco, E. P., Barros, D. I., Fernandes, M. F., ..., & Jantalia, C. P. (2020). Ammonia volatilization and yield of corn fertilized with different nitrogen sources in the Brazilian semiarid. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 55. https://doi.org/10.1590/100% NFU678-3921.pab2020.v55.01036
Scharf, P., Lory, J., & Grundler, J. (2006). Best management practices for nitrogen fertilizer in Missouri. MU Extension IPM1027, 1–11. https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/ipm1027
Sehgal, Y., Kalia, A., Dhillon, B. S., & Dheri, G. S. (2024). Effect of a Slow-Release Urea Nanofertilizer on Soil Microflora and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Nitrogen (Switzerland), 5(4), 1074–1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5040069
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Sulaeman, Suparto, & Eviati. (2005). Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Bogor: Balai penilitian tanah dan pengembangan penelitian, Departemen Pertanian. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/server/api/core/bitstreams/77f52e6b-6a13-48bc-96d1-d6a35025d793/content
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Swify, S., Mažeika, R., Baltrusaitis, J., Drapanauskaite, D., & Barˇcauskait˙, K. (2024). Review: Modified Urea Fertilizers and Their Effects on Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Samar. Sustainability, 16(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010188
Syafrudin. (2015). Manajemen Pemupukan Nitrogen Tanaman Jagung. J Litbang Pert, 32(2), 105–116. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/1247
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Tobing, J. C. L., Suwarto, & Zaman, S. (2022). Optimum Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage for Composite and Hybrid Varieties of Maize. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 50(2), 139–146. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagronomi/article/view/40199
Wallace, A. J., Armstrong, R. D., Grace, P. R., Scheer, C., & Partington, D. L. (2020). Nitrogen use efficiency of 15N urea applied to wheat based on fertiliser timing and use of inhibitors. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 116(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/100% NFU0705-019-10028-x
Wang, Q., Li, S., Li, J., & Huang, D. (2024). The Utilization and Roles of Nitrogen in Plants. Forests, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071191
Bashir, S. D., Bhat, T. A., Jamsheed, B., Nazir, A., Jan, B., Kanth, R. H…, & Kounsar, H. (2024). Effect of Nano-Urea Based Nitrogen Application on the Growth, Phenology and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Archives of Current Research International, 24(6), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6796
Bender, R. R., Haegele, J. W., Ruffo, M. L., & Below, F. R. (2013). Modern Corn Hybrids’ Nutrient Uptake Patterns. Better Crops, 97(1), 7–10. http://nutrien-ekonomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Corn_Hybrid_Research.pdf
Biswal, A. K., Pattanayak, G. K., Pandey, S. S., Leelavathi, S., Reddy, V. S., Govindjee, & Tripathy, B. C. (2012). Light intensity-dependent modulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis and photosynthesis by overexpression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase in tobacco. Plant Physiology, 159(1), 433–449. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.195859
De, N., & Das, T. (2024). Nanofluid urea and its Superiority Over urea as Fertilizer Elaborating some Applications - An Overview. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 11(4), 368–386. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst24114134
Elsayed, M. E. A., Ayoub, H. A., Helal, M. I. D., Sang, W., Shen, Z., & Abdelhafeez, I. A. (2025). Nanotechnology-enabled soil management for sustainable agriculture: interactions, challenges, and prospects. Environmental Science: Nano, 12(4), 2128–2153. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00943f
Gogoi, B., Kanth, R. H., Bhat, T. A., Saxena, A., Khan, I. M., Wani, F. J., …, & Jibinsha, P. T. (2024). Efficacy of Nanofluid urea on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Maize under Temperate Ecology. Archives of Current Research International, 24(6), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6797
Hemanth, D., Keshwaiah, K. V., Shekara, B. G. ., & Shivakumar, K. V. (2025). Effect of Different Levels of Nanofluid urea on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 31(4), 427–435. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i42963
Jadhav, A. B., Majik, S. T., Gosavi, A. B., & Patil, A. V. (2023). Synthesis, Characterization and Impact of Nano-urea on Growth and Yield of Wheat in Inceptisol. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(12), 973–996. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123761
Komalasari, W. B. (2024). Analisis Kinerja Perdagangan Jagug. Analisis Kinerja Perdagangan Jagung, 14, 70. https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/assets/docs/publikasi/1B_Analisis_Kinerja_Perdagangan_Jagung_2024_-_publish.pdf
Kumar, S., Rajiv., Tripathi, V., Kushwaha, V., & Kumar, D. (2025). Effect of nanofluid urea on growth, yield and quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Azad T-6. International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 8(8), 667–670. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2025.v8.i8j.3617
Kumar, Y., Tiwari, K. N., Signh, T., & Raliya, R. (2021). Nanofertilizers and their role in sustainable agriculture. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 23(3), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10067
Lichtenthaler, H. K., & Buschmann, C. (2001). Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Measurement and Characterization by UV ‐ VIS Spectroscopy . Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0403s01
Ma, Z., Yue, Y., Feng, M., Li, Y., Ma, X., Zhao, X., & Wang, S. (2019). Mitigation of ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching via loss control urea triggered H-bond forces. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/70% NFU + 30% UKv1598-019-51566-2
Mehta, S., & Bharat, R. (2019). Effect of Integrated Use of Nano and Non-Nano Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(12), 598–606. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.078
Nindita, A., Ikhsan, L. H., & Suwarto, S. (2024). Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays var. Saccharata Sturt.) pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Majemuk NPK+Mg (8-9-39+3). Bul Agrohorti, 12(February), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v12i2.56677
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian. (2024) Analisis Kinerja Perdagangan Jagung. https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/assets/docs/publikasi/1B_Analisis_Kinerja_Perdagangan_Jagung_2024_-_publish.pdf
Rosanti, A. D., Nur, F., Rahmatika, W., Hidayat, F., Helilusiatiningsih, N., Kusumawati, Y., ..., & Oktavia, D. (2025). Synthesis of Potassium-Silica Nanofluid Fertilizer from Banana Peel and Rice Husk Waste for The Growth of Sweet Corn Plants. International Journal of Nano Dimension, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijnd-2026-1702-05
Santos, W. D. M., Alves, B. J. R., Urquiaga, S., Pacheco, E. P., Barros, D. I., Fernandes, M. F., ..., & Jantalia, C. P. (2020). Ammonia volatilization and yield of corn fertilized with different nitrogen sources in the Brazilian semiarid. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 55. https://doi.org/10.1590/100% NFU678-3921.pab2020.v55.01036
Scharf, P., Lory, J., & Grundler, J. (2006). Best management practices for nitrogen fertilizer in Missouri. MU Extension IPM1027, 1–11. https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/ipm1027
Sehgal, Y., Kalia, A., Dhillon, B. S., & Dheri, G. S. (2024). Effect of a Slow-Release Urea Nanofertilizer on Soil Microflora and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Nitrogen (Switzerland), 5(4), 1074–1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5040069
Subaedah, S., Edy, E., & Mariana, K. (2021). Growth, Yield, and Sugar Content of Different Varieties of Sweet Corn and Harvest Time. International Journal of Agronomy, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8882140
Sulaeman, Suparto, & Eviati. (2005). Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Bogor: Balai penilitian tanah dan pengembangan penelitian, Departemen Pertanian. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/server/api/core/bitstreams/77f52e6b-6a13-48bc-96d1-d6a35025d793/content
Sunil, C., Chandan, B. M., Jeevan, R. H., Kadam, P. V, & N, U. S. (2025). Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Conventional Urea on Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency in Ragi ( Eleusine coracana ). Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology Volume, 28(2), 852–861. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i22046
Suthar, N. K., Desai, C. K., & Desai, J. S. (2023). Nanofluid urea: A review paper. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 7(2S), 577–580. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2023.v7.i2sh.271
Swify, S., Mažeika, R., Baltrusaitis, J., Drapanauskaite, D., & Barˇcauskait˙, K. (2024). Review: Modified Urea Fertilizers and Their Effects on Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Samar. Sustainability, 16(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010188
Syafrudin. (2015). Manajemen Pemupukan Nitrogen Tanaman Jagung. J Litbang Pert, 32(2), 105–116. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/1247
Taiz, L., Møller, I. M., Murphy, A., & Zeiger, E. (2023). Plant Physiology and Development. In Plant Physiology and Development. https://doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780197614204.001.0001
Tobing, J. C. L., Suwarto, & Zaman, S. (2022). Optimum Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage for Composite and Hybrid Varieties of Maize. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 50(2), 139–146. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagronomi/article/view/40199
Wallace, A. J., Armstrong, R. D., Grace, P. R., Scheer, C., & Partington, D. L. (2020). Nitrogen use efficiency of 15N urea applied to wheat based on fertiliser timing and use of inhibitors. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 116(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/100% NFU0705-019-10028-x
Wang, Q., Li, S., Li, J., & Huang, D. (2024). The Utilization and Roles of Nitrogen in Plants. Forests, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071191