Karakteristik Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dengan Penguat Selulosa Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dan Pemlastis Gliserol
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Bioplastik berbahan dasar sumber daya terbarukan semakin banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan terhadap plastik berbasis petroleum. Pati talas Belitung memiliki potensi sebagai bahan dasar bioplastik, namun diperlukan penguatan melalui penambahan filler dan pemlastis untuk meningkatkan sifat fungsionalnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh selulosa kulit nanas dan gliserol terhadap karakteristik bioplastik, meliputi permeabilitas uap air, opasitas, kelarutan, ketebalan, dan biodegradasi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial 3×3 dengan dua faktor, yaitu selulosa (4, 5, 6 g) dan gliserol (3, 4, 5 g). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf α 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan selulosa dan gliserol tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada seluruh parameter. Nilai permeabilitas uap air berkisar 0,0010–0,0816 g/m²/hari, opasitas 4,63–7,26 abs/mm, kelarutan 0,0020–0,0037%, ketebalan 50,8–78,1 µm, dan biodegradasi 50–78% selama 14 hari. Walaupun tidak berbeda nyata, bioplastik yang dihasilkan memenuhi beberapa standar dan menunjukkan potensi sebagai bahan kemasan ramah lingkungan.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Saroinsong, Y. A., & Agustin, S. (2026). Karakteristik Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dengan Penguat Selulosa Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dan Pemlastis Gliserol. Agroteknika, 9(2), 368-382. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i2.651
References
Agustin, N., & Abdassah, M. (2021). Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal Dari Nanas (Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr). Pharmacy: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal Of Indonesia), 18(1). https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v18i1.10277
American Society for Testing and Materials. (1995). E-96. Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://ia801508.us.archive.org/7/items/gov.law.astm.e96.1995/astm.e96.1995.pdf
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2002). D 882 – 02. Standard Test Method For Tensile Properties Of Thin Plastic Sheeting. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://www.wewontech.com/testing-standards/190125019.pdf
Aprilyanti, S. (2018). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Naoh Dan Waktu Hidrolisis Terhadap Kadar Selulosa Pada Daun Nanas. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 24(1), 28-31. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339978876_Pengaruh_konsentrasi_NaOH_dan_waktu_hidrolisis_terhadap_kadar_selulosa_pada_daun_nanas
Aritonang, D. H., Hartiati, A., & Harsojuwono, B. A. (2020). Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik Pada Variasi Rasio Pati Ubi Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Dan Karagenan. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 8(3), 348-359. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRMA.2020.v08.i03.p04
Azizah, F., Nursakti, H., Ningrum, A., & Supriyadi. (2023). Development of Edible Composite Film from Fish Gelatin–Pectin Incorporated with Lemongrass Essential Oil and Its Application in Chicken Meat. Polymers, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092075
Benitez, J. J., Florido-Moreno, P., Porras-Vázquez, J. M., Tedeschi, G., Athanassiou, A., Heredia-Guerrero, J. A., & Guzman-Puyol, S. (2024). Transparent, Plasticized Cellulose-Glycerol Bioplastics for Food Packaging Applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 273(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132956
Boey, J. Y., Lee, C. K., & Tay, G. S. (2022). Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Bioplastics: A Review. Polymers, 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183737
BSN [Badan Standarisasi Nasional]. (2014). Kategori Produk Tas Belanja Plastik Dan Bioplastik Mudah Terurai (SNI 7818.7:2016). Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 7. https://www.scribd.com/document/358030362/9009-SNI-7188-7-2016?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Caixeiro, S., Peruzzo, M., Onelli, O. D., Vignolini, S., & Sapienza, R. (2020).
Disordered Cellulose-Based Nanostructures for Enhanced Light-Scattering.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 32(—), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15986
Chisenga, S. M., Tolesa, G. N., & Workneh, T. S. (2020). Biodegradable Food Packaging Materials And Prospects Of The Fourth Industrial Revolution For Tomato Fruit And Product Handling. International Journal of Food Science, 2020(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879101
Choubey, V., Fatma, E., Smriti, A., Suman, R., & Rajak, S. K. (2023). Testing and Evaluation of Potato Starch Based Bio Plastic. The Pharma Innovation, 12(11), 05–11. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i11a.23947
Dasumiati, D., Sari, N. N., & Saridewi, N. (2025). Pengembangan Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok Menggunakan Nanofiber Selulosa Kulit Daun Lidah Buaya sebagai Filler. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 23(4), 1066–1074. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394165094_Pengembangan_Bioplastik_Berbahan_Dasar_Pati_Kulit_Pisang_Kepok_Menggunakan_Nanofiber_Selulosa_Kulit_Daun_Lidah_Buaya_sebagai_Filler
Devi, I. M., & Priatmoko, S. (2024). Synthesis And Characterization Of Banana Hump Waste-Based Bioplastic With The Addition Of Banana Pseudostem Nanocellulose And Glycerol. Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, 13(1), 13-22. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcs/article/view/789
Falua, K. J., Pokharel, A., Babaei-Ghazvini, A., Ai, Y., & Acharya, B. (2022). Valorization of Starch to Biobased Materials: A Review. Polymers 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112215
Frangopoulos, T., Marinopoulou, A., Goulas, A., Likotrafiti, E., Rhoades, J., Petridis, D., ..., & Karageorgiou, V. (2023). Optimizing the Functional Properties Of Starch-Based Biodegradable Films. Foods, 12(14). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Foods12142812
Hamzah, I., Lailatin, N., & Gancang, S. (2024). The Effect of Plastisizer Gliserol and Sorbitol The Characteristics of Bioplastic Made From Mbote Potato Starch. Eksakta: Journal Of Sciences And Data Analysis, 5 (1) 50-56. https://doi.org/10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol5.iss1.art6
Huwaidi, A. F., & Supriyo, E. (2022). Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Pati Jagung Terplastisasi Sorbitol dengan Pengisi Selulosa dari Ampas Tebu. Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362572827_Pembuatan_Plastik_Biodegradable_Pati_Jagung_Terplastisasi_Sorbitol_dengan_Pengisi_Selulosa_dari_Ampas_Tebu
Jeencham, R., Chiaoketwit, N., Numpaisal, P. O., & Ruksakulpiwat, Y. (2024). Study of Biocomposite Films Based on Cassava Starch and Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Cassava Pulp for Potential Medical Packaging Applications. Applied Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104242
Jessica, D. D., Zulferiyenni., Nurainy, F., & Nawansih, O. (2024).
Karakteristik biodegradable film berbasis selulosa bungkil inti sawit dengan variasi konsentrasi plasticizer gliserol dan filler glukomanan.
Jurnal Agroindustri Berkelanjutan, 3(2), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.23960/jab.v3i2.9298
JIS [Japanese Industrial Standard]. (1975). General Rules of Plastic Films for Food Packaging. JIS Z 170. Japanese Standards Association, Japan. https://www.scribd.com/document/667783859/JIS-Z-1707-General-Rule
Karma, I. G. M. (2020). Determination and Measurement of Color Dissimilarity. International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology, 5(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.24843/ijeet.2020.v05.i01.p13
Kour, M., Kumar, R., & Chaudhary, S. (2024). Innovations in Starch Based Bioplastics: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Applications. ChemSci Advances, 47–66. https://doi.org/10.69626/csa.2024.0047
Lestari, D., Puspita, I., & Kusmita, T. (2025). Pengaruh Penambahan Gliserol Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Selulosa Batang Pisang/Kitosan. Jurnal Riset Fisika Indonesia, 5(2),130-139. https://doi.org/10.33019/jrfi.v5i2.5194
Munfarida, S., Kumalaningrum, A. N., Putri, N. A., Hidayat, J. P., Yuniar, R. A., & Naibaho, L. B. (2026). Optimasi formula plasticizer gliserol dan filler carboxymethyl cellulose terhadap kekuatan mekanik pada biodegradable film packaging berbasis pati singkong. Agrointek, 20(1), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v20i1.28410
Mustariani, B. A. A., Sulistiyana, S., Fauziah, P. R., & Roifah, M. (2025). Studi Pembuatan Bioplastik Dari Pati Tapioka Dengan Pektin Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Dan Karagenan. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 21(1), 121. Https://Doi.Org/10.20961/Alchemy.21.1.94003.121-129
Nasir, N. N., & Othman, S. A. (2021). The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Corn-based Bioplastic Films with Different Starch and Glycerol Content. Journal of Physical Science, 32(3), 89–101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356605332_The_Physical_and_Mechanical_Properties_of_Corn-based_Bioplastic_Films_with_Different_Starch_and_Glycerol_Content
Nawaz, H., Waheed, R., Nawaz, M., & Shahwar, D. (2020). Physical And Chemical Modifications In Starch Structure And Reactivity. Chemical Properties of Starch. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88870
Nurhidayah, P., Fajarwati, Y. E., & Fitri, A. C. K. (2023). Analisa Uji Biodegradasi Bioplastik Dari Pati Kulit Singkong Dengan Variasi Volume Gliserol, Selulosa Jerami Padi Dan Kitosan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri, Lingkungan Dan Infrastruktur, 6. https://pro.unitri.ac.id/index.php/sentikuin/article/view/494
Pasquier, E., Mattos, B. D., Koivula, H., Khakalo, Belgacem, M. N., Rojas, O. J., & Bras. J. (2022). Multilayers of Renewable Nanostructured Materials with High Oxygen and Water Vapor Barriers for Food Packaging. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 14(26), 30236–30245. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c07579
Pooja, N., Chakraborty, I., Rahman, M. H., & Mazumder, N. (2023). An Insight On Sources And Biodegradation Of Bioplastics: A Review. 3 Biotech, 13(7), 220. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S13205-023-03638-4
Putra, E. P. D., Larassati, D. P., Wijayani, R. A., Thamrin, E. S., Sylvia, T., Subara, D., & Laksono, U. T. (2025). Karakteristik Bioplastik Pati Bonggol Pisang Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Gliserol Bioplastic Properties Of Banana Weevil Starch With Variation Glycerol Concentrations. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 13(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRMA.2025.v13.i02.p13
Putro, P. A., Sumardi, T., Sulaeman, A. S., Roza, L., Ramza, H., & Anugrah, D. S. B. (2023). Synthesizing Cellulose and Its Derivatives from Pineapple Peel: A Systematic Literature Review. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC136.575 https://biointerfaceresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BRIAC136.575.pdf
Rabek, C. L., Stelle, R. V., Dziubla, T. D., & Puleo, D. A. (2014). The Effect Of Plasticizers On The Erosion And Mechanical Properties Of Polymeric Films. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 28(5), 779–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328213480979
Santhi, M., Arnata, I. W., & Wrasiati, L. P. (2022). Isolasi Selulosa Dari Serat Sabut Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.) Pada Variasi Suhu Dan Waktu Proses Bleaching Dengan Asam Perasetat. Journal Of Agroindustrial Engineering And Management, 10(3), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRMA.2022.v10.i03.p02
Santhosh, R., Ahmed, J., Thakur, R., & Sarkar, P. (2024). Starch-Based Edible Packaging: Rheological, Thermal, Mechanical, Microstructural, And Barrier Properties - A Review. Sustainable Food Technology, 2(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.1039/D3fb00211j
Sumiati, T., Yuningtyas, S., & Haloho, L. E. B. (2023). Delignifikasi Lignoselulosa Daun Nanas Sebagai Sumber Alfa Selulosa. Jurnal Farmamedika, 8(2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.47219/ath.v8i2.301
Sunardi., Trianda, N. F., & Irawati, U. (2020). Pengaruh Nanoselulosa Dari Pelepah Nipah Sebagai Filler Terhadap Sifat Bioplastik Polivinil Alkohol. Justek: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(2), 69-76. https://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/justek/article/view/3704/pdf
Tarique, J., Sapuan, S. M., & Khalina, A. (2021). Effect Of Glycerol Plasticizer Loading On The Physical, Mechanical, Thermal, And Barrier Properties Of Arrowroot (Maranta Arundinacea) Starch Biopolymers. Scientific Reports, 11(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-021-93094-Y
Tibolla, H., Czaikoski, A., Pelissari, F. M., Menegalli, F. C., & Cunha, R. L. (2020). Starch-Based Nanocomposites With Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained From Chemical And Mechanical Treatments. International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules, 161, 132–146. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijbiomac.2020.05.194
Utama, R. S., Suyatma, N. E., & Yulliana, N. D. (2018). Studi Kinetika Degradasi Warna Biodegradable Film - Antosianin Untuk Indikator Proses Termal. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian, 6(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.06.2.137-144
Wang, B., Xu, X., Fang, Y., Yan, S., Cui, B., & El-Aty, A. M. A. (2022). Effect of Different Ratios of Glycerol and Erythritol on Properties of Corn Starch-Based Films. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.882682
Wang, X., Guo, C., Hao, W., Ullah, N., Chen, L., Li, Z., & Feng, X. (2018). Development And Characterization Of Agar-Based Edible Films Reinforced With Nano-Bacterial Cellulose. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 118, 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.089
Windyasmara, L. (2022). Substitusi Tepung Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Dan Mutu Sensoris Nugget Ayam Broiler. Agrisaintifika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 6(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.32585/ags.v6i1.2514
Yanti, N. A., Ahmad, S. W., Ramadhan, L. O. A. N., Ardiansyah, A., & Indrawati, I. (2024). Characteristics of Biocellulose-Based Edible Film from Sago Wastewater (Metroxylon sago ROTTB.) on Various Glycerol Concentration. Agritech, 44(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.75154
Yu, Z., Alsammarraie, F. K., Nayigiziki, F. X., Wang, W., Vardhanabhuti, B., Mustapha, A., & Lin, M. (2017). Effect And Mechanism Of Cellulose Nanofibrils On The Active Functions Of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Films. Food Research International, 99, 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.009
American Society for Testing and Materials. (1995). E-96. Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://ia801508.us.archive.org/7/items/gov.law.astm.e96.1995/astm.e96.1995.pdf
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2002). D 882 – 02. Standard Test Method For Tensile Properties Of Thin Plastic Sheeting. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://www.wewontech.com/testing-standards/190125019.pdf
Aprilyanti, S. (2018). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Naoh Dan Waktu Hidrolisis Terhadap Kadar Selulosa Pada Daun Nanas. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 24(1), 28-31. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339978876_Pengaruh_konsentrasi_NaOH_dan_waktu_hidrolisis_terhadap_kadar_selulosa_pada_daun_nanas
Aritonang, D. H., Hartiati, A., & Harsojuwono, B. A. (2020). Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik Pada Variasi Rasio Pati Ubi Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Dan Karagenan. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 8(3), 348-359. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRMA.2020.v08.i03.p04
Azizah, F., Nursakti, H., Ningrum, A., & Supriyadi. (2023). Development of Edible Composite Film from Fish Gelatin–Pectin Incorporated with Lemongrass Essential Oil and Its Application in Chicken Meat. Polymers, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092075
Benitez, J. J., Florido-Moreno, P., Porras-Vázquez, J. M., Tedeschi, G., Athanassiou, A., Heredia-Guerrero, J. A., & Guzman-Puyol, S. (2024). Transparent, Plasticized Cellulose-Glycerol Bioplastics for Food Packaging Applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 273(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132956
Boey, J. Y., Lee, C. K., & Tay, G. S. (2022). Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Bioplastics: A Review. Polymers, 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183737
BSN [Badan Standarisasi Nasional]. (2014). Kategori Produk Tas Belanja Plastik Dan Bioplastik Mudah Terurai (SNI 7818.7:2016). Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 7. https://www.scribd.com/document/358030362/9009-SNI-7188-7-2016?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Caixeiro, S., Peruzzo, M., Onelli, O. D., Vignolini, S., & Sapienza, R. (2020).
Disordered Cellulose-Based Nanostructures for Enhanced Light-Scattering.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 32(—), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15986
Chisenga, S. M., Tolesa, G. N., & Workneh, T. S. (2020). Biodegradable Food Packaging Materials And Prospects Of The Fourth Industrial Revolution For Tomato Fruit And Product Handling. International Journal of Food Science, 2020(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879101
Choubey, V., Fatma, E., Smriti, A., Suman, R., & Rajak, S. K. (2023). Testing and Evaluation of Potato Starch Based Bio Plastic. The Pharma Innovation, 12(11), 05–11. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i11a.23947
Dasumiati, D., Sari, N. N., & Saridewi, N. (2025). Pengembangan Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok Menggunakan Nanofiber Selulosa Kulit Daun Lidah Buaya sebagai Filler. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 23(4), 1066–1074. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394165094_Pengembangan_Bioplastik_Berbahan_Dasar_Pati_Kulit_Pisang_Kepok_Menggunakan_Nanofiber_Selulosa_Kulit_Daun_Lidah_Buaya_sebagai_Filler
Devi, I. M., & Priatmoko, S. (2024). Synthesis And Characterization Of Banana Hump Waste-Based Bioplastic With The Addition Of Banana Pseudostem Nanocellulose And Glycerol. Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, 13(1), 13-22. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcs/article/view/789
Falua, K. J., Pokharel, A., Babaei-Ghazvini, A., Ai, Y., & Acharya, B. (2022). Valorization of Starch to Biobased Materials: A Review. Polymers 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112215
Frangopoulos, T., Marinopoulou, A., Goulas, A., Likotrafiti, E., Rhoades, J., Petridis, D., ..., & Karageorgiou, V. (2023). Optimizing the Functional Properties Of Starch-Based Biodegradable Films. Foods, 12(14). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Foods12142812
Hamzah, I., Lailatin, N., & Gancang, S. (2024). The Effect of Plastisizer Gliserol and Sorbitol The Characteristics of Bioplastic Made From Mbote Potato Starch. Eksakta: Journal Of Sciences And Data Analysis, 5 (1) 50-56. https://doi.org/10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol5.iss1.art6
Huwaidi, A. F., & Supriyo, E. (2022). Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Pati Jagung Terplastisasi Sorbitol dengan Pengisi Selulosa dari Ampas Tebu. Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362572827_Pembuatan_Plastik_Biodegradable_Pati_Jagung_Terplastisasi_Sorbitol_dengan_Pengisi_Selulosa_dari_Ampas_Tebu
Jeencham, R., Chiaoketwit, N., Numpaisal, P. O., & Ruksakulpiwat, Y. (2024). Study of Biocomposite Films Based on Cassava Starch and Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Cassava Pulp for Potential Medical Packaging Applications. Applied Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104242
Jessica, D. D., Zulferiyenni., Nurainy, F., & Nawansih, O. (2024).
Karakteristik biodegradable film berbasis selulosa bungkil inti sawit dengan variasi konsentrasi plasticizer gliserol dan filler glukomanan.
Jurnal Agroindustri Berkelanjutan, 3(2), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.23960/jab.v3i2.9298
JIS [Japanese Industrial Standard]. (1975). General Rules of Plastic Films for Food Packaging. JIS Z 170. Japanese Standards Association, Japan. https://www.scribd.com/document/667783859/JIS-Z-1707-General-Rule
Karma, I. G. M. (2020). Determination and Measurement of Color Dissimilarity. International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology, 5(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.24843/ijeet.2020.v05.i01.p13
Kour, M., Kumar, R., & Chaudhary, S. (2024). Innovations in Starch Based Bioplastics: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Applications. ChemSci Advances, 47–66. https://doi.org/10.69626/csa.2024.0047
Lestari, D., Puspita, I., & Kusmita, T. (2025). Pengaruh Penambahan Gliserol Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Selulosa Batang Pisang/Kitosan. Jurnal Riset Fisika Indonesia, 5(2),130-139. https://doi.org/10.33019/jrfi.v5i2.5194
Munfarida, S., Kumalaningrum, A. N., Putri, N. A., Hidayat, J. P., Yuniar, R. A., & Naibaho, L. B. (2026). Optimasi formula plasticizer gliserol dan filler carboxymethyl cellulose terhadap kekuatan mekanik pada biodegradable film packaging berbasis pati singkong. Agrointek, 20(1), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v20i1.28410
Mustariani, B. A. A., Sulistiyana, S., Fauziah, P. R., & Roifah, M. (2025). Studi Pembuatan Bioplastik Dari Pati Tapioka Dengan Pektin Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Dan Karagenan. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 21(1), 121. Https://Doi.Org/10.20961/Alchemy.21.1.94003.121-129
Nasir, N. N., & Othman, S. A. (2021). The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Corn-based Bioplastic Films with Different Starch and Glycerol Content. Journal of Physical Science, 32(3), 89–101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356605332_The_Physical_and_Mechanical_Properties_of_Corn-based_Bioplastic_Films_with_Different_Starch_and_Glycerol_Content
Nawaz, H., Waheed, R., Nawaz, M., & Shahwar, D. (2020). Physical And Chemical Modifications In Starch Structure And Reactivity. Chemical Properties of Starch. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88870
Nurhidayah, P., Fajarwati, Y. E., & Fitri, A. C. K. (2023). Analisa Uji Biodegradasi Bioplastik Dari Pati Kulit Singkong Dengan Variasi Volume Gliserol, Selulosa Jerami Padi Dan Kitosan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri, Lingkungan Dan Infrastruktur, 6. https://pro.unitri.ac.id/index.php/sentikuin/article/view/494
Pasquier, E., Mattos, B. D., Koivula, H., Khakalo, Belgacem, M. N., Rojas, O. J., & Bras. J. (2022). Multilayers of Renewable Nanostructured Materials with High Oxygen and Water Vapor Barriers for Food Packaging. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 14(26), 30236–30245. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c07579
Pooja, N., Chakraborty, I., Rahman, M. H., & Mazumder, N. (2023). An Insight On Sources And Biodegradation Of Bioplastics: A Review. 3 Biotech, 13(7), 220. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S13205-023-03638-4
Putra, E. P. D., Larassati, D. P., Wijayani, R. A., Thamrin, E. S., Sylvia, T., Subara, D., & Laksono, U. T. (2025). Karakteristik Bioplastik Pati Bonggol Pisang Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Gliserol Bioplastic Properties Of Banana Weevil Starch With Variation Glycerol Concentrations. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 13(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRMA.2025.v13.i02.p13
Putro, P. A., Sumardi, T., Sulaeman, A. S., Roza, L., Ramza, H., & Anugrah, D. S. B. (2023). Synthesizing Cellulose and Its Derivatives from Pineapple Peel: A Systematic Literature Review. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC136.575 https://biointerfaceresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BRIAC136.575.pdf
Rabek, C. L., Stelle, R. V., Dziubla, T. D., & Puleo, D. A. (2014). The Effect Of Plasticizers On The Erosion And Mechanical Properties Of Polymeric Films. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 28(5), 779–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328213480979
Santhi, M., Arnata, I. W., & Wrasiati, L. P. (2022). Isolasi Selulosa Dari Serat Sabut Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.) Pada Variasi Suhu Dan Waktu Proses Bleaching Dengan Asam Perasetat. Journal Of Agroindustrial Engineering And Management, 10(3), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.24843/JRMA.2022.v10.i03.p02
Santhosh, R., Ahmed, J., Thakur, R., & Sarkar, P. (2024). Starch-Based Edible Packaging: Rheological, Thermal, Mechanical, Microstructural, And Barrier Properties - A Review. Sustainable Food Technology, 2(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.1039/D3fb00211j
Sumiati, T., Yuningtyas, S., & Haloho, L. E. B. (2023). Delignifikasi Lignoselulosa Daun Nanas Sebagai Sumber Alfa Selulosa. Jurnal Farmamedika, 8(2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.47219/ath.v8i2.301
Sunardi., Trianda, N. F., & Irawati, U. (2020). Pengaruh Nanoselulosa Dari Pelepah Nipah Sebagai Filler Terhadap Sifat Bioplastik Polivinil Alkohol. Justek: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(2), 69-76. https://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/justek/article/view/3704/pdf
Tarique, J., Sapuan, S. M., & Khalina, A. (2021). Effect Of Glycerol Plasticizer Loading On The Physical, Mechanical, Thermal, And Barrier Properties Of Arrowroot (Maranta Arundinacea) Starch Biopolymers. Scientific Reports, 11(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-021-93094-Y
Tibolla, H., Czaikoski, A., Pelissari, F. M., Menegalli, F. C., & Cunha, R. L. (2020). Starch-Based Nanocomposites With Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained From Chemical And Mechanical Treatments. International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules, 161, 132–146. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijbiomac.2020.05.194
Utama, R. S., Suyatma, N. E., & Yulliana, N. D. (2018). Studi Kinetika Degradasi Warna Biodegradable Film - Antosianin Untuk Indikator Proses Termal. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian, 6(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.06.2.137-144
Wang, B., Xu, X., Fang, Y., Yan, S., Cui, B., & El-Aty, A. M. A. (2022). Effect of Different Ratios of Glycerol and Erythritol on Properties of Corn Starch-Based Films. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.882682
Wang, X., Guo, C., Hao, W., Ullah, N., Chen, L., Li, Z., & Feng, X. (2018). Development And Characterization Of Agar-Based Edible Films Reinforced With Nano-Bacterial Cellulose. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 118, 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.089
Windyasmara, L. (2022). Substitusi Tepung Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Dan Mutu Sensoris Nugget Ayam Broiler. Agrisaintifika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 6(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.32585/ags.v6i1.2514
Yanti, N. A., Ahmad, S. W., Ramadhan, L. O. A. N., Ardiansyah, A., & Indrawati, I. (2024). Characteristics of Biocellulose-Based Edible Film from Sago Wastewater (Metroxylon sago ROTTB.) on Various Glycerol Concentration. Agritech, 44(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.75154
Yu, Z., Alsammarraie, F. K., Nayigiziki, F. X., Wang, W., Vardhanabhuti, B., Mustapha, A., & Lin, M. (2017). Effect And Mechanism Of Cellulose Nanofibrils On The Active Functions Of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Films. Food Research International, 99, 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.009