Analysis of Pine Forest-Based Ecotourism Management Strategies to Support Landscape Sustainability in Purworejo Regency, Indonesia
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Abstract
Pine forest-based ecotourism has significant potential to support sustainable landscape management and rural development. This study aims to formulate strategic management directions for pine forest-based ecotourism in Kalilo Pine Forest, Purworejo Regency, using an integrated SWOT-based landscape sustainability approach. The research employed a descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative case study design involving 30 respondents, including tourism managers, local community members, and village officials. Data were collected through field observations, interviews, and questionnaires using a Likert scale (1-4). Data analysis was conducted using Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), followed by a SWOT matrix and strategy prioritization. The results indicate that Kalilo Pine Forest achieved an IFAS score of 2.70 and an EFAS score of 2.82, placing it in Quadrant I, which indicates strong internal capacity and favorable external opportunities. Priority strategies include the development of conservation-based educational ecotourism programs, strengthening community management capacity, and implementing environmental carrying capacity controls. This study contributes to sustainable tourism planning by integrating SWOT strategic analysis with ecological, social, and economic landscape sustainability considerations. The findings provide practical policy directions for improving ecotourism governance through the development of standard operating procedures and visitor management systems to support long-term sustainability.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Triwahyuningsih, N., & Suryawan, D. (2026). Analysis of Pine Forest-Based Ecotourism Management Strategies to Support Landscape Sustainability in Purworejo Regency, Indonesia. Agroteknika, 9(2), 300-316. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i2.659
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Triwahyuningsih, N., Noviastuti, N., & Hidayati, N. (2025). Feasibility Study of Ecotourism Development in Kali Talang, Mount Merapi National Park, Klaten, Central Java. Media Wisata, 23(2), 492–503. https://jurnal.ampta.ac.id/index.php/MWS/article/view/940
Turner, M. G., & Gardner, R. H. (2015). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2794-4
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Widayati, A., Winanta, A., Widada, H., & Pratiwi, N. H. (2024). Initiating a Sustainable Community-Based Agritourism Model of Herbal Garden in A Rural Area of Indonesia: Perspectives From Community Members. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2347049. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2347049
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Wu, J., Addai, J., Consolata, M., Gao, Z., Martin, E., Yasutake, E. S., & Wang, Y. (2025). Landscape sustainability science and the Sustainable Development Goals. Geography and Sustainability, 6(5), 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100309
Benzaghta, M. A., Elwalda, A., Mousa, M., Erkan, I., & Rahman, M. (2021). SWOT analysis applications: An integrative literature review. Journal of Global Business Insights, 6(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.6.1.1148
Das, M., & Chatterjee, B. (2015). Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament? Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.01.002
Dente, S. M. R., Pamungkas, A. S., Le, T. V., & Hashimoto, S. (2025). Tourist Carrying Capacity for Sustainable Development of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Ecotourism. Tourism and Hospitality, 6(5), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6050249
Hariyadi, B. R., Rokhman, A., Rosyadi, S., Yamin, M., & Runtiko, A. G. (2024). The Role of Community-Based Tourism in Sustainable Tourism Village In Indonesia. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(7), e05466. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-038
Hossain, M. S., Islam, M. S., Hussain, M. D., & Islam, P. (2025). Sustainable Ecotourism in Bangladesh: A SWOT Analysis of Ecotourism Destinations. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 6(2), 1146–1163. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJMRGE.2025.6.2.1146-1163
Irmawati, I., & Hasnawati, H. (2024). Community-based Ecotourism Strategy for Local Economic Empowerment. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 7(2), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v7i2.2359
Juliana, Sihombing, S. O., & Suwu, S. E. (2023). Community-Based Ecotourism in Sawarna Tourism Village. Enrichment : Journal of Management, 13(1), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1192
Kamaluddin, A. K., Hasyim, A. W., Ishak, L., & Haji, S. A. (2025). Ecotourism in Volcanic Regions: A Systematic Literature Review of Community Impact, Stakeholder Involvement, and Development Implications. Society, 13(1), 651–669. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v13i1.881
Krittayaruangroj, K., Suriyankietkaew, S., & Hallinger, P. (2023). Research on sustainability in community-based tourism: A bibliometric review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(9), 1031–1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2276477
Lawasi, M. A., Kenda, N., Yusnikusumah, T. R., Pratama, B. B., Pratiwi, D., Septina, A. D., & Asrawijaya, E. (2025). Forest-Based Ecotourism In Indonesia: A Comprehensive Review Of Policy Challenges, Diverse Practices, Stakeholder Engagement, Conservation Efforts, And Socioeconomic Aspects. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 60(2), 1041–1056. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.602spl02-1478
Molin, L. U. (2025). Advancing visitor management research in protected areas: A sensory ethnographic approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2558942
Muda, F. (2025). Community participation in Indonesian sustainable tourism: A systematic review of models, impacts, and gaps. Priviet Social Sciences Journal, 5(8), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i8.462
Musavengane, R., & Kloppers, R. (2020). Social capital: An investment towards community resilience in the collaborative natural resources management of community-based tourism schemes. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100654
Nugroho, I., Negara, P. D., & Yuniar, H. R. (2018). The Planning And The Development Of The Ecotourism And Tourism Village In Indonesia: A Policy Review. Journal of Socioeconomics and Development, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v1i1.532
Oka, I. M. D., Murni, N. G. N. S., & Mecha, I. P. S. (2021). The Community-Based Tourism At The Tourist Village In The Local People’s Perspective. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 38(4), 988–996. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.38401-735
Priatmoko, S., Kabil, M., Purwoko, Y., & Dávid, L. D. (2021). Rethinking Sustainable Community-Based Tourism: A Villager’s Point of View and Case Study in Pampang Village, Indonesia. Sustainability, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063245
Ragheb, G. A. (2021). Multi-Criteria Decision Making of Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings Based on the A’WOT Analysis: A Case Study of Cordahi Complex, Alexandria, Egypt. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 16(3), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160309
Rahmawaty, Aththorick, T. A., Harahap, R. H., Rauf, A., Ismail, M. H., Fujiwara, T., & Tedong, P. A. (2025). Management strategies for natural tourism and non-timber forest products support the protection of The Gunung Leuser National Park Buffer Area in mitigating climate change. BIO Web of Conferences, 155(06009). https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515506009
Saarinen, J. (2020). Tourism and sustainable development goals: Research on sustainable tourism geographies. In J. Saarinen (Ed.), Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (1st ed., pp. 1–10). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324253-1
Saaty, T. L., & Vargas, L. G. (2012). Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process (2nd ed). Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-3597-6
Stone, M., Stone, L., & Nyaupane, G. (2024). Protected Areas, Sustainable Tourism and Community Livelihood Linkages (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003508182
Tervo-Kankare, K. (2021). Book review: D. Weaver, Advanced Introduction to Sustainable Tourism (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA 2020) 168 pp. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 2(1), 85–87. https://doi.org/10.4337/jqrt.2021.01.10
Triwahyuningsih, N., Noviastuti, N., & Hidayati, N. (2025). Feasibility Study of Ecotourism Development in Kali Talang, Mount Merapi National Park, Klaten, Central Java. Media Wisata, 23(2), 492–503. https://jurnal.ampta.ac.id/index.php/MWS/article/view/940
Turner, M. G., & Gardner, R. H. (2015). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2794-4
Weaver, D. B. (2020). Advanced introduction to sustainable tourism. EE | Edward Elgar Publishing.
Widayati, A., Winanta, A., Widada, H., & Pratiwi, N. H. (2024). Initiating a Sustainable Community-Based Agritourism Model of Herbal Garden in A Rural Area of Indonesia: Perspectives From Community Members. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2347049. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2347049
Wiramatika, I. G., & Suryawati, D. A. (2025). Local Community Participation Manifests Sustainable Tourim in the Batur Geopark Tourism Area. Proceedings International Conference on Marine Tourism and Hospitality Studies, 2(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.33649/iconmths.v2i1.798
Wu, J. (2021). Landscape sustainability science (II): Core questions and key approaches. Landscape Ecology, 36(8), 2453–2485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01245-3
Wu, J., Addai, J., Consolata, M., Gao, Z., Martin, E., Yasutake, E. S., & Wang, Y. (2025). Landscape sustainability science and the Sustainable Development Goals. Geography and Sustainability, 6(5), 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100309