Analisis Struktur Vegetasi dan Keanekaragaman Gulma pada Agroekosistem Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata) di Aceh Barat
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Abstract
Persaingan gulma dengan tanaman budidaya merupakan faktor pembatas utama dalam produksi kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata) di lahan gambut, khususnya di wilayah dengan fluktuasi iklim yang dinamis seperti Aceh Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi jenis dan menganalisis struktur komunitas gulma pada lahan budidaya kacang panjang di Desa Ujung Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Aceh Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November hingga Desember 2025 dengan metode kuadrat melalui peletakan 10 plot sampel secara acak berukuran 0,5 m × 0,5 m pada fase vegetatif tanaman (4 hingga 6 MST). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat delapan spesies gulma yang terbagi dalam tiga kelompok: berdaun lebar (5 spesies), rerumputan (2 spesies), dan teki-tekian (1 spesies). Berdasarkan analisis vegetasi, Ludwigia octovalvis dan Fimbristylis littoralis ditemukan sebagai spesies dominan dengan nilai Summed Dominate Ratio (SDR) masing-masing sebesar 23,05% dan 22,71%. Dominansi ini didukung oleh kondisi iklim tipe A (Sangat Basah) dengan ketiadaan bulan kering yang memicu pertumbuhan gulma hidrofit dan sub-hidrofit pada lahan gambut dengan drainase buruk. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’ = 1,576) dan kemerataan (E = 0,758) berada pada kategori sedang, sementara indeks kekayaan spesies Margalef (Dmg = 1,268) tergolong rendah. Struktur komunitas gulma yang belum stabil dan didominansi oleh spesies kompetitif menuntut penerapan strategi Pengelolaan Gulma Terpadu melalui kombinasi pengendalian mekanis dan kultur teknis untuk menjaga produktivitas kacang panjang di lahan gambut secara berkelanjutan.
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How to Cite
Weihan, R. A., Itawarnemi, H., Chairudin, C., Sari, P. M., & Ananda, Z. (2026). Analisis Struktur Vegetasi dan Keanekaragaman Gulma pada Agroekosistem Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata) di Aceh Barat. Agroteknika, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i3.683
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