Respon Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Tercekam Salinitas Menggunakan Dua Jenis Amelioran Organik dengan Umur Bibit Berbeda
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Abstract
Salinitas memiliki dampak negatif terhadap tanaman berupa hambatan bagi pertumbuhannya. Penggunaan amelioran organik dan ketepatan umur bibit padi mampu memberikan kondisi lingkungan tanah agar tanaman mampu tumbuh dan memperoleh nurtisi dengan baik serta agar tanaman mudah melakukan adaptasi pada kondisi salin. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan amelioran organik dan ketepatan umur bibit terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif padi yang ditanam pada kondisi salin. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan faktor pertama yaitu jenis amelioran yang terdiri atas pupuk kandang sapi 20 ton ha-1 dan kompos jerami 10 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua yaitu umur bibit yang terdiri atas 21 HST, 28 HST, dan 35 HST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan amelioran organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot segar tajuk dan indeks luas daun. Umur bibit padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot segar tajuk, kadar air tajuk, indeks luas daun, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Penambahan pupuk kandang sapi mampu meningkatkan bobot segar tajuk dan indeks luas daun terbaik. Penggunaan bibit padi dengan umur 21 HST mampu meningkatkan bobot segar tajuk, indeks luas daun, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman sedangkan penggunaan bibit padi dengan umur 35 HST mampu meningkatkan kadar air tajuk.
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How to Cite
Nasrudin, N., Isnaeni, S., & Hamdah, H. (2021). Respon Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Tercekam Salinitas Menggunakan Dua Jenis Amelioran Organik dengan Umur Bibit Berbeda. Agroteknika, 4(2), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.32530/agroteknika.v4i2.108
References
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Anggraini, F., Suryanto, A., & Aini, N. (2013). Sistem tanam dan umur bibit pada tanaman padi sawah (Oryza sativa) varietas inpari 13. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 1(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/3282630
Arifiani, F., Kurniasih, B., & Rogomulyo, R. (2018). Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi (Oryza sativa L.) tercekam salinitas. Vegetalika, 7(3), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.38133
Arzie, D., Qadir, A., & Suwarno, F. C. (2015). Pengujian toleransi genotipe padi (Oryza sativa L) terhadap salinitas pada stadia perkecambahan. Buletin Agrohorti, 3(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.3.3.377-386
Ashraf, M., Shahzad, S. M., Imtiaz, M., & Rizwan, M. S. (2018). Salinity effects on nitrogen metabolism in plants–focusing on the activities of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes: A review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(8), 1065–1081. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2018.1431670
Elhabet, H. (2018). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice and some nutrients availability under different water regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 9(4), 1–16.
Gardner, F. P., Pearce, R. B., & Mitchell, R. L. (1991). Fisiologi tanaman budidaya. Jakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Indonesia.
Ghosh, B., Mohamed, N. A., & Gantait, S. (2016). Response of Rice under Salinity Stress: A Review Update. Rice Research: Open Access, 4(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4338.1000167
Gupta, B., & Huang, B. (2014). Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemisal, and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics, 2014(701596), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/701596
Kazemi, K., & Eskandari, H. (2011). Effects of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(77), 17789–17792. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2219
Kusmiyati, F., Sumarsono, S., & Karno, K. (2014). Pengaruh perbaikan tanah salin terhadap karakter fisiologis Calopogonium mucunoides. Pastura : Jurnal Ilmu Tumbuhan Pakan Ternak, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.24843/Pastura.2014.v04.i01.p01
Malińska, L., Rybska, E., Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, E., & Adamiec, M. (2016). Teaching about water relations in plant cells: An uneasy struggle. CBE Life Sciences Education, 15(78), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-05-0113
Marsha, N. D., Aini, N., & Sumarni, T. (2014). Pengaruh frekuensi dan volume pemberian air pada pertumbuhan tanaman Crotalaria mucronata Desv. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(8), 673–678.
Mondal, M. M. A., Puteh, A. B., Malek, M. A., & Rafii, M. Y. (2013). Salinity induced morpho-physiological characters and yield attributes in rice genotypes. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 11(2), 610–614. Retrived from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287723142
Nasrudin, N., & Kurniasih, B. (2019). Growth and Yield of Inpari 29 Rice Varieties on Raised-bed and Different Depths of Sunken-bed in Saline Field. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 3(3), 135. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.38736
Nasrudin, N., & Rosmala, A. (2020). Analisis pertumbuhan padi lokal aksesi PH 1 menggunakan penambahan pupuk silika padat pada kondisi salin. AGROTEKNIKA, 3(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.32530/agroteknika.v3i2.71
Pramitasari, H. E., Wardiyati, T., & Nawawi, M. (2016). Pengaruh dosis pupuk nitrogen dan tingkat kepadatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(1), 49–56.
Rad, H. E., Aref, F., Rezaei, M., Amiri, E., & Khaledian, M. R. (2011). The effects of salinity at different growth stage on rice yield. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 17(3), 111–117.
Radanielson, A. M., Angeles, O., Li, T., Ismail, A. M., & Gaydon, D. S. (2017). Describing the physiological responses of different rice genotypes to salt stress using sigmoid and piecewise linear functions. Field Crops Research, 220(2017), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.05.001
Razzaq, A., Ali, A., Safdar, L. Bin, Zafar, M. M., Rui, Y., Shakeel, A., Shaukat, A., Ashraf, M., Gong, W., & Yuan, Y. (2020). Salt stress induces physiochemical alterations in rice grain composition and quality. Journal of Food Science, 85(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14983
Shokat, S., & Großkinsky, D. K. (2019). Tackling salinity in sustainable agriculture-What developing countries may learn from approaches of the developed world. Sustainability, 11(17), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174558
Shrivastava, P., & Kumar, R. (2015). Soil Salinity: A Serious Environmental Issue and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria as One of The Tools for Its Alleviation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.001
Sudarsono, W. A., Melati, M., & Aziz, S. A. (2014). Growth and yield of organic rice with cow manure application in the first cropping season. Agrivita, 36(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita-2014-36-1-p019-025
Wahyuningsih, S., Kristiono, A., & Taufiq, A. (2017). Pengaruh jenis amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau di tanah salin. Buletin Palawija, 15(2), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v15n2.2017.p69-77
Aguilar, M., Fernández-Ramírez, J. L., Aguilar-Blanes, M., & Ortiz-Romero, C. (2017). Rice sensitivity to saline irrigation in Southern Spain. Agricultural Water Management, 188, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.027
Anggraini, F., Suryanto, A., & Aini, N. (2013). Sistem tanam dan umur bibit pada tanaman padi sawah (Oryza sativa) varietas inpari 13. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 1(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/3282630
Arifiani, F., Kurniasih, B., & Rogomulyo, R. (2018). Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi (Oryza sativa L.) tercekam salinitas. Vegetalika, 7(3), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.38133
Arzie, D., Qadir, A., & Suwarno, F. C. (2015). Pengujian toleransi genotipe padi (Oryza sativa L) terhadap salinitas pada stadia perkecambahan. Buletin Agrohorti, 3(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.3.3.377-386
Ashraf, M., Shahzad, S. M., Imtiaz, M., & Rizwan, M. S. (2018). Salinity effects on nitrogen metabolism in plants–focusing on the activities of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes: A review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(8), 1065–1081. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2018.1431670
Elhabet, H. (2018). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice and some nutrients availability under different water regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 9(4), 1–16.
Gardner, F. P., Pearce, R. B., & Mitchell, R. L. (1991). Fisiologi tanaman budidaya. Jakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Indonesia.
Ghosh, B., Mohamed, N. A., & Gantait, S. (2016). Response of Rice under Salinity Stress: A Review Update. Rice Research: Open Access, 4(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4338.1000167
Gupta, B., & Huang, B. (2014). Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemisal, and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics, 2014(701596), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/701596
Kazemi, K., & Eskandari, H. (2011). Effects of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(77), 17789–17792. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2219
Kusmiyati, F., Sumarsono, S., & Karno, K. (2014). Pengaruh perbaikan tanah salin terhadap karakter fisiologis Calopogonium mucunoides. Pastura : Jurnal Ilmu Tumbuhan Pakan Ternak, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.24843/Pastura.2014.v04.i01.p01
Malińska, L., Rybska, E., Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, E., & Adamiec, M. (2016). Teaching about water relations in plant cells: An uneasy struggle. CBE Life Sciences Education, 15(78), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-05-0113
Marsha, N. D., Aini, N., & Sumarni, T. (2014). Pengaruh frekuensi dan volume pemberian air pada pertumbuhan tanaman Crotalaria mucronata Desv. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(8), 673–678.
Mondal, M. M. A., Puteh, A. B., Malek, M. A., & Rafii, M. Y. (2013). Salinity induced morpho-physiological characters and yield attributes in rice genotypes. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 11(2), 610–614. Retrived from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287723142
Nasrudin, N., & Kurniasih, B. (2019). Growth and Yield of Inpari 29 Rice Varieties on Raised-bed and Different Depths of Sunken-bed in Saline Field. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 3(3), 135. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.38736
Nasrudin, N., & Rosmala, A. (2020). Analisis pertumbuhan padi lokal aksesi PH 1 menggunakan penambahan pupuk silika padat pada kondisi salin. AGROTEKNIKA, 3(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.32530/agroteknika.v3i2.71
Pramitasari, H. E., Wardiyati, T., & Nawawi, M. (2016). Pengaruh dosis pupuk nitrogen dan tingkat kepadatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(1), 49–56.
Rad, H. E., Aref, F., Rezaei, M., Amiri, E., & Khaledian, M. R. (2011). The effects of salinity at different growth stage on rice yield. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 17(3), 111–117.
Radanielson, A. M., Angeles, O., Li, T., Ismail, A. M., & Gaydon, D. S. (2017). Describing the physiological responses of different rice genotypes to salt stress using sigmoid and piecewise linear functions. Field Crops Research, 220(2017), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.05.001
Razzaq, A., Ali, A., Safdar, L. Bin, Zafar, M. M., Rui, Y., Shakeel, A., Shaukat, A., Ashraf, M., Gong, W., & Yuan, Y. (2020). Salt stress induces physiochemical alterations in rice grain composition and quality. Journal of Food Science, 85(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14983
Shokat, S., & Großkinsky, D. K. (2019). Tackling salinity in sustainable agriculture-What developing countries may learn from approaches of the developed world. Sustainability, 11(17), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174558
Shrivastava, P., & Kumar, R. (2015). Soil Salinity: A Serious Environmental Issue and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria as One of The Tools for Its Alleviation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.001
Sudarsono, W. A., Melati, M., & Aziz, S. A. (2014). Growth and yield of organic rice with cow manure application in the first cropping season. Agrivita, 36(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita-2014-36-1-p019-025
Wahyuningsih, S., Kristiono, A., & Taufiq, A. (2017). Pengaruh jenis amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau di tanah salin. Buletin Palawija, 15(2), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v15n2.2017.p69-77